Essay on The Controversy Over HIV/AIDS Disclosure Law

Abstract Forty million people worldwide are infected with the HIV virus. About six percent of them will not inform their intimate partners about their health condition. Many efforts that have been made over the past decade towards establishing a HIV/AIDS law, have finally paid off. The act of disclosing the virus was written in 1990. It caused quite a stir among the citizens of the United States. Many people concluded that there were holes in the disclosure law concerning HIV/AIDS because it lacked complete thought. Some felt that if HIV positive people had to tell others about their condition, they would be more susceptible to discrimination and rejection. Essentially, it was a law that ended a few problems and then led to a massive†¦show more content†¦The California Department of Health Services had written a section of their California HIV/AIDS Law titled, â€Å"Exposing Another Person to HIV†. The fact that the infected individual has to be aware of their HIV status and i nform his/her partner is very blunt and straight forward; although, the third part of the law dealing with the intent to purposely infect a healthy individual HIV/AIDS Disclosure Law 2 remains obscure. In most situations it is difficult to know exactly what the suspect was thinking at the moment. This leads to an inconclusive verdict. A similar example was seen in the case of Kanengele-Yondjo in 2003. He was accused of spreading the HIV disease to two females without telling them that he was HIV positive. Rather than fifty years in jail, he was sentenced to fourteen years. The reason why the sentence was shorter than planned was because it was difficult to prove he had intentionally spread the disease, considering that he slept with several other women who did not get infected. (Wallace, 2004) Either way, there is no legislation which specifically makes knowing the possibility of spreading the disease, without the intention to do so, a crime. The purpose of the current law is for the health and safety of society, but the absence of minute details is a potential weapon that has caused an argument among people who are infected and those who are not. (Wallace, 2004) The HIV/AIDS Law also causes some controversial issues with today’sShow MoreRelatedSecurity Privacy Confidentiality of Health Information in the Philippines2076 Words   |  9 Pagestreatment or even outside of the treatment in regard to the life of men, which on no account one must spread abroad, I will keep myself holding such things shameful to be spoken about. Unfortunately, the Philippines does not currently have a specific law or act that pertains to SPC in healthcare. There are no SPC provisions in the Medical Act of 1959. Thrice in the Senate (by Dadivas, Cayetano, and Revilla), a Patient Bill of Rights was proposed, but none seem to have been passed. In the Magna CartaRead MoreVaccination Is The Organization Of Antigenic Material1083 Words   |  5 PagesVaccination is the organization of antigenic material (an immunization) to fortify an individual s resistant framework to create versatile safety to a pathogen. Over several years’ vaccination has helped us to eradicate several diseases and control many crucial diseases. This research paper generally deals with history of vaccine, their development and mechanism of vaccine, types of vaccine and why it is necessary. 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At first I will talk about theRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility And Business Ethics8391 Words   |  34 PagesPGP31239 â€Æ' Table of Contents Executive Summary 3 Acknowledgement 4 Business Ethics 5 Corporate Social Responsibilty 7 CSR Law 7 Crisis Management CSR 10 CSR Case Studies 12 CSR in developing nations 18 References 24 Citations 25 â€Æ' EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The paper addresses the concept of business ethics and law of Corporate Social Responsibility. The study of behaviour of the organisations should include how responsible it is towards theRead MoreNike Company Analysis Essay2938 Words   |  12 Pages2011), Nike is subject to income tax and a variety of other taxes in the U.S. and numerous foreign jurisdictions (NCRR, 2012). With that said, Nike recognizes and complies with all tax laws and regulations governed above them. As a result, Nike closely monitors, with the help of governments, changes in tax laws and advocates, when necessary, in avoidance of double-taxation (NCRR, 2012). Nike will work diligently to advocate any unfair regulations that would adversely affect their profitabilityRead MoreGlaxosmithkline18561 Words   |  75 Pagesof products of special importance to developing countries, including: Anti-malaria drugs Zentel (albendazole), for de-worming and the prevention of lymphatic filariasis Pentosam, against leishm aniasis Anti-retrovirals (ARVs) for the treatment of HIV/AIDS Tuberculosis drugs Vaccines for developing countries Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) CSR refers to the responsibility of a company for the social, ecological and economic impacts of its operations. GSK follows a proactive and comprehensiveRead MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 Pagesorder to effectively adjust, adapt, and navigate the changing landscape they face on a day-to-day basis. In this new eighth edition of International Management, we have taken care to retain the effective foundation gained from research and practice over the past decades. At the same time, we have fully incorporated important new and emerging developments that have changed what international managers are currently facing and likely to face in the coming years. Of special importance is that studentsRead MoreIndian Social Structure and Values Ethics in Business13564 Words   |  55 Pagesdifficult for the town administration to provide facilities for increasing population. Mumbai and Kolkata are two such examples of cities which have urban population growth beyond their c apacities to manage. This feature refers to over-urbanization. Closely related to over-urbanization of a town is a feature called sub-urbanization. When towns get overcrowded by population it may result in sub-urbanization. Delhi is a typical example where sub-urbanization trend is taking place around it. Sub-urbanizationRead MoreHsm 542 Week 12 Discussion Essay45410 Words   |  182 Pageswith working lunch. The working lunch would cut back on staff member not able because of child care or schooling. The working lunch would all me as the owner to bring in outside presentors to give informative data and the lastes technology or ethic laws to help the staff and protect the patient for the best health care at my local for success. The working lunch for workshops or training will be schedule  monthly and suggestion of what food choice will be left up to the staff memebers.    | | Read MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 Pagesand a Japanese company, GE Fanuc is a manufacturer of factory automation and control products. Headquartered in Virginia with 1,500 employees, the HR department primarily performed administrative support activities. But when Donald Borwhat, Jr., took over as Senior Vice President of Human Resources, he and his staff began by restructuring and decentralizing the HR entity so that each functional area of the company has an HR manager assigned to it. The HR managers were expected to be key contributors

Energy, Reliable, Sustainable And Modern - 989 Words

This goals’ objective is that everyone will have access to energy, and that the energy will be affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern. This is a very hefty goal to achieve, only made harder by the goal’s five targets. Targets are supposed to be measureable indicators of whether or not the goal can be achieved. I believe that targets 7.1 and 7.2 are not truly measureable until certain aspects of the target have been defined. Target 7.1 aims to ensure universal access to affordable energy. The reason that this cannot be measured is twofold. First, the word â€Å"affordable† needs to be defined. The amount of money that countries and people can afford to allocate to energy differ vastly; what may be an acceptable price for one person or one country may be drastically too high for another. The second reason this target is not measureable is because of the word â€Å"universal†. Universal means that everyone will have access. In 2015, it is estimated that there are 7.2 billion people on Earth. I believe that it is unrealistic for the UN to be able to determine if every single person has access to energy, let alone if the energy is affordable/ sustainable, etc...Target 7.2 aims to substantially increase the share of renewable energy. Again this target cannot be measured until it is clearly defined. The word substantially is not easily measured because there is no value to it. Does substantially mean an increase by 5%, 70%, is it measured in terms of money, percentages, or other units?Show MoreRelatedSustainable Energy, Reliable And Modern Energy Services1035 Words   |  5 Pages as easier access to affordable, reliable and modern energy services becomes more common. It may be indicated by end user prices, the scale of electrification in areas, and the relative share of modern energy worldwide. 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(i.e. lower cost, using renewable energy more efficiently) Target 7.a and b can be measured by comparing the amount of passed to present/future research that s transpire ameliorate the access and supplying to modern, sustainable, and renewable energy. 2) AreRead MoreThe Current State Of Renewable Energy Consumption Between Today And 2030 Essay984 Words   |  4 Pagesuniversal, affordable, reliable, and modern) are agreed to be defined as. What is considered to be affordable/reliable/modern can be subjective especially in a global context. Therefore, the dimensions can be measured, however the target itself is not truly measurable. Target 7.2: The global energy mix is the breakdown of the consumption of primary energy sources. The breakdown is based on the geographical regions of the world (Planà ¨te Énergies, 2015). If the different types of energy in regions all aroundRead MoreThe Impact Of Modern Day Energy On The Environment1006 Words   |  5 PagesAs the progress of civilization has accelerated, the demand for energy has increased as well. Although energy is absolutely necessary for electricity, transportation and industry, the problem with modern day energy is the excessive use of fossil fuels, which supplies 80% of energy worldwide. Fossil fuels are the leading suppliers of carbon emissions into the atmosphere and are responsible for 82% of all Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions globally, due to human activity (Overview of Greenhouse Gases,Read MorePut Forward By Un Is A Challenge For Every Country1039 Words   |  5 Pagesmeasured in part. Question 1 Among the five targets, according to my opinion, 7.1, 7.3, 7.a and 7.b are unmeasurable. For target 7.1, what percentage of energy consumption among the whole is called â€Å"affordable†? Because of the uneven distribution of natural energy resources and the different stage of a country’s economic development, the reasonable energy consumption percentage is totally different. Besides, currently there are large areas still have not established an accomplished database. Thus, we

Concept of the Invisible Hand in a Laissez

Concept of the Invisible Hand in a Laissez-faire e Essay conomyBy preferring the support of domestic to that of foreign industry, he intends only his own security; and by directing that industry in such a manner as its produce may be of the greatest value, he intends only his own gain, and he is in this, as in many other cases, led by an invisible hand to promote an end which was no part of it. Adam Smith, Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations 1776. What business does a government have in commerce and trade? Why would a government want to interfere between two countries benefiting from each other by trade? What right does the government have in two individuals wanting each others products or services? According to some, commerce and trade should be permitted to operate free of controls of any kind; there should be no tariffs or other barriers. This is where the term laissez-faire is introduced. Its direct translation in French, leave alone to do, is self-explanatory. A strong believer in this type of economics is Adam Smith, both a philosopher and an economist. Born on 1723in Kirkcaldy, Fife, he studied at Oxford, and became a professor of logic at Glasgow (1751), but took up the chair of moral philosophy the following year. In 1776, he moved to London, where he published An Inquiry into the Natureand Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1776), the first major work of political economy. This examined in detail the consequences of economic freedom, such as division of labor, the function of markets, and the international implications of a laissez-faire economy. Adam Smith is most remembered today for his explanation of our market system. A majority of people saw confusion when they observed economic activity in England during the middle of the 18th century. They saw everyone doing whatever they pleased and deemed necessary. Businesses produced whatever they wanted to make. Consumers purchased whatever they wanted to buy. No one told anyone what had to be bought and what had to be sold especially the government. And yet, somehow, businesses seemed to be providing the goods and services that consumers wanted and needed. Some might have called it luck; Adam Smith called it an invisible hand. And today, it is considered the laissez-faire economy. The invisible hand is a term for the unseen process of co-ordination which ensures consistency of individual plans in a decentralized market economy (Pearce, 220). Adam Smith introduced this phrase in his book, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (BookIV, Chap. II), who stressed the role that the invisible hand played in attaining a harmony of interests. Imagine this invisible hand suspended above everyone. This invisible hand encourages businesspeople to pursue profits and it pushes consumers to buy goods and services. And at the same time, that invisible hand discourages government from directing the economic activity. This invisible hand that Adam Smith refers to as a guiding force was the people and their attitudes. It all started with profit-seeking individuals. Using self-interest to feed their drive, people started businesses. When a business would become successful, others would notice and enter into the same field. As a direct result, growing consumer demand was satisfied while competition controlled rising prices. As demand grew, businesses were established in which workers shared tasks. This is called division of labor, in which one worker handled the first stage, another the second, and a third finished the product. The result was mass production, more efficiency, and lower costs. Mass production meant that people no longer had to grow thereown food and remain on the farm; there would be enough to supply a large workforce. Paying all those laborers resulted in an army of consumers with money to spend. .ucf8112906ed371fc273e9d2e0fc705ee , .ucf8112906ed371fc273e9d2e0fc705ee .postImageUrl , .ucf8112906ed371fc273e9d2e0fc705ee .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucf8112906ed371fc273e9d2e0fc705ee , .ucf8112906ed371fc273e9d2e0fc705ee:hover , .ucf8112906ed371fc273e9d2e0fc705ee:visited , .ucf8112906ed371fc273e9d2e0fc705ee:active { border:0!important; } .ucf8112906ed371fc273e9d2e0fc705ee .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucf8112906ed371fc273e9d2e0fc705ee { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucf8112906ed371fc273e9d2e0fc705ee:active , .ucf8112906ed371fc273e9d2e0fc705ee:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucf8112906ed371fc273e9d2e0fc705ee .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucf8112906ed371fc273e9d2e0fc705ee .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucf8112906ed371fc273e9d2e0fc705ee .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucf8112906ed371fc273e9d2e0fc705ee .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucf8112906ed371fc273e9d2e0fc705ee:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucf8112906ed371fc273e9d2e0fc705ee .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucf8112906ed371fc273e9d2e0fc705ee .ucf8112906ed371fc273e9d2e0fc705ee-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucf8112906ed371fc273e9d2e0fc705ee:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Rocking horse winner story vs movie EssayAdam Smith argued that an individual acting purely out of self-interest, would be a progressive force for the maximization of the total wealth of a nation. The role of the government should be permissive, creating a legal defensive setup sufficient to allow individual action. Interference with the free working of this natural order will reduce the growth of wealth and misdirect resources. Though Smith argued for laissez-faire, he recognized the need for minimal government intervention.

Marketing Mix an Example of the Topic Business Essays by

Marketing Mix A Proposed Marketing Mix for Innocent Company Innocent is a manufacturing company that major in the production of cooking oil products globally in which its mission is to supply and sell its products to its consumers. The companys market has been realized to have dropped in the last one year, and as a company, we have decide to undertake a decision making process that is meant to define the actual tactics to be utilized in achieving our goals. Need essay sample on "Marketing Mix" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed This process is known as the marketing mix that carries four elements which include; product this is where the companys aim will be to define the characteristics of its products that will enable the goods to meet the consumers needs; price this is the decision on how the company should price its products; promotion this is a process through which we should make our products known to our customers and lastly the place element which is the mechanism through which the goods of our company will be moved from the company to the consumers. For our company to achieve recognition of the products through which our marketing opportunities have chances to increase, then we should be able to have our target consumers. This is normally achieved depending on the following factors; the consumers desires and preferences for our products, geographical factors, location, gender and also age, these factors should be determined before we make a decision on a particular market segmentation which will later give our products a marketing opportunity. This segmentation should match differences in the buying behaviour of our customers under which we should also consider the product competition in the market by stating plans on how our company is going to overcome the competitors strength through which we should analyze the number of competitors, their size, location and their strengths and weaknesses in the market. Under market segmentation, we should be able to state what the customers seek in our products whether it is the quality, price or convenience, through this we will be able to identify the needs and the benefits that our customers will gain from our products. For the companys marketing mix, we should have a look at the following elements applied in the marketing mix: product-we should ensure that before the product is promoted into the market, the characteristics of the products should be well defined to meet the needs of the consumers, the packaging of the product should be attractive to entice the customers to buy the product, the quality of the product should be perfect, that is it should be the quality that matches with the prescription of the product in the market so that it can maintain its consumers who are not misled with the misrepresentation of the qualities with its competitors. Pricing-the company should decide on the following pricing methods to enable product reach its marketing standards. Premium pricing is where the uniqueness of the company product is defined. This pricing is normally high and is totally used where there is a substantial competition of the product in the market. For the company to be able to gain the market share, we should therefore apply the penetration pricing whereby, once the company achieves the market share, it increases the price of its product. In a situation where the companys need to promote the product in the market, then we are advised to use the promotional method of pricing in which a consumer is asked to buy a product and the purchase is accompanied by a free sample of the product. For the company to capture our consumers, we are advised to use the captive product pricing method which is used where the product contain complements and immediately the consumer is captured, then the premium price will be charged by the company. Under the psychological pricing method, the company will have an aim of wanting the consumer to respond to its product emotionally rather than rationally. Also price skimming may be applied in our company whereby the company will charge a high price due to a substantial competition, this high price is normally applied to bring new competitors in the market and then after they appear in the market then the price falls thus attracting the consumers to buy a product charged with a low price. The place or the channel of distribution, this is the activities that is to be used by our company to move its product from the production to consumption. Innocent has to come across various channels of distribution to enable our products reach the targeted market. This means that we should choose either to use the direct or the indirect channels that is it may be to the consumers directly or through wholesalers. We should consider the following in order to decide on the type of the distribution channel we are to use; we should know the market segment that the distributor is familiar with in which the distributor must be familiar with our companys target markets. We should also know if our company policies, strategies and image match with that of the distributor, we should also check on the qualification of the distributor by establishing his experiences and deciding on how much training and support we should give the distributor. There are various types of channels that we can decide on which one to apply in the distribution of our products, and this include: wholesalers, these are said to be buying goods in bulk from our company and selling them in smaller packages for resale by the retailers, they can also provide storage facilities for our products, wholesalers will offer our company a reduced physical contact cost between us the producers and our consumers. The second channel that our company may use is the agents who are normally used in international markets; they may be used to widen the international market for our goods. We can also use retailers, they will have a strong personal relationship with our consumers through whom the products will be exposed to our consumers, they will be offering credits to our customers thus promoting and merchandising our products. The other alternative is the use of the internet through which the company will have a geographically wider market thus enabling our products to reach a wider audience. This channel has a low costs set up due to its low barrier in the entry to the products market. The other element is promotion, this is the marketing communication that should be used by our company to get our products in the market, pushing the consumers to the point of purchasing our products, we are advised to use the following methods in promoting our products: Personal selling, this is a way of maintaining personalcustomer relations in which the sales person will be acting on behalf of our company, these person should be trained and should be having the personal selling techniques, though hiring them is expensive we should use them when there is a genuine return on investments. Public relations-this should be applied in applied in our company which will lead to a sustained and a planned effort in establishing and bringing understanding between our company and our consumers. Lastly, we can use the exhibitions to make new contacts and renewing the old contacts. This will be used to increase the awareness of our products to the consumers thus giving our company an opportunity to meet both the trade and consumers. Advertising may also be used in creating awareness of our products to the consumers so that we may gain responses from our target markets, under this there many advertising mediums including, print (newspapers, journals and posters.) and electronic(television, internet and radio) mediums of communication which we may choose to create awareness of our products to our consumers. Bibliography Baker, M. (2000): Marketing Management and Strategy, 3rd edn: London. Macmillan Business Blythe, J. (2001): Essentials of Marketing, 2nd edn: New York, Prentice Hall Brassington, F. and Pettitt, S. (2000): Principles of Marketing, 2nd Edn: New York, Prentice Hall, Harlow Gronroos, C. (19994): From Marketing Mix to Relationship Marketing: - Towards A Paradigm Shift in Marketing: Management Decision - Vol. 32; 1994, 4-20 Hoffman, D. and Novak, T. (1996): Marketing in Hypermedia Computer-mediated Environments: - Conceptual Foundations: Journal of Marketing, Vol. 60(July), pp 50 - 68 Hoyer, W.D. and MacInnis, D.J. (2001): Consumer Behaviour, 2nd Edn: New York, Houghton Mifflin Company Kotler, P.; Armstrong, G.; Saunders, J. and Wong, V. (1999): Principles of Marketing, 2nd Edn: New Jersey, Prentice Hall Lovelock, J. (2001): Services Marketing, People, Technology, And Strategy: New York, Prentice Hall McDonald, M. (2001): Marketing Plans: - How To Prepare Them, How To Use Them. 4th Edn: London, Butterworth Heinenamm Proctor, T. (2000): Essentials of Marketing Research: London, Financial Times-Prentice Hall

Immigrants Essays - Demography, Population, , Term Papers

Immigrants Should the United States take on more immigrants? Is the United States hurting from immigration problems? These issues have been debated on for generation. "According to the Immigration and Naturalization Service, approximately 300,000 illegal immigrants enter the United States annually" (Cozic 12). This large number of immigrants causes many different emotions. For some Americans, immigration is an adversity. Many Americans past and present have reacted to immigrants with fear: fear of unemployment and lower standards of living, fear of different religions and races, fear that immigration is spoiling the U.S. for those already here. The issues of immigration has three important topics: first, the understanding of the history behind immigration. Second, the effect immigration has on the United States. Third and finally, the economic issues associated with immigration today. The history of immigration in the United States is quite interesting. Between 1820, when the U.S. begin keeping count, and 1987, over fifty-four million people left their former homes and migrated to the U.S. (McClellan 12). With the exception of native Americans and African-American descendants of slaves, everyone in the U.S. today is an immigrant or is descended from immigrates. It is really quite interesting that Americans today feel so strongly against immigration when if fact they themselves are immigrants. "Today the United States takes in more immigrants than all of the other world's nations combined" (Dudley 13). However, even though these facts are true, Americans seem to continue to fear immigration. During the late 1980 the government passed a immigration act called the Simpson-Rodio Act. This allowed all illegal immigrates living in the country since 1982, legalization. "This allowed more than 3 million aliens to live here" (Griffin, 363). It also gave employers strict fines for hiring illegal immigrants without documentation. "The idea behind the employer sanctions was to diminish or eliminate the demand for undocumented workers, there by reducing their incentives to enter the country" (McConnell 731). This did in fact slow down the number of illegal aliens simple because their was no jobs that existed for them. However, some illegal immigrates were once legal, with a visa. This gave them the right to work in the United States; however, the visa expired making them illegal. "Experts say roughly 40 percent of the 200,000 to 300,000 people who become permanent illegal residents each year are actually people who overstay visas" (Griffin 372). Therefore, by legalizing ! a large number of illegal immigrates didn't help the situation nor did the strict laws on business. In fact it only caused people to come up with better way to get around the system. The problem with immigration isn't that the United States doesn't allow it. Right now the United States accepts about 700,000 immigrants legally each year, more than the rest of the world put together (McConner 733).However, what possibly could happen if the United States closed all of its boarders. Ruben Bonilla, president of the 100,000-member League of United Latin-Americans Citizens, argues that "undocumented workers, in addition to playing a positive role in the economy, actually increase tax revenue by paying for Social Security service they seldom use" (McClellan 42). The problem with just outlawing immigration is that, Mexico especially would self destroy. The economy of Mexico would fall and the United States could run the risk of a Socialistic society coming in. So to just outlaw of immigration would not benefit the United States in the long run. Therefore, in what ways are immigration benefiting the United States. Obviously, legal immigration has profoundly influences U.S. society. According to Rodman Griffin "Numerous studies conclude that migrants enhance productivity in a number of ways" (364). Legal immigrants take on seasonal jobs that most Americans won't do, immigrants work hard, and they pay taxes. All of these things are beneficial to the U.S. According to Dudley, author of Immigration; Opposing Viewpoints, Compared to natives, immigrants save more, apply more effort during working hours, have twice as great a propensity to be self-employed, have higher rates of participation in the labor force and are unusually self-reliant and innovation(81). However, their are the illegal immigrates that live a life of mystery. Meaning, that they don't benefit the economy in anyway. They usually get paid under the table and contribute no taxes in the

Tombstone essays

Tombstone essays After retiring as a U.S. Marshall in Dodge City, Wyatt Earp and his brothers and their wives go to Tombstone, Arizona to go into business, where silver has just been discovered. Wyatt Earp plans on being a dealer at a saloon known as the Oriental. Right away, people begin to fear him and recognize him as the person he used to be, a Marshall, even though he insists he is retired, and wants to move on with his life. In Tombstone, Wyatt meets his good friend Doc Holiday, the rebellious rogue that causes trouble, but is lucky to be not in jail. From the start, things start going the other way for Wyatt. Wyatts wife has an on going headache and begins to drink opium as if it were water. Then, the Cowboys, a group of outlaws and bad guys wearing red sashes come into the mining town. Doc Holidays reputation as a skilled gunfighter causes disliking from the Cowboys, and as soon as they meet each other, they start bad mouthing each other. One day, a group of entertainers come into the town, including the beautiful lady by the name of Josephine, who falls in love with Wyatt Earp. Wyatt is impressed at her beauty but does not show it because he is married now. During the entertainers show, the Cowboys start some trouble by accurately missing the actors on stage, to make a fool out of them. This puts somewhat of an annoyance to Wyatt Earp and his brothers. A few days later, Wyatt Earp goes on a horse ride in the hills and stumbles upon Miss Josephine, who is also horse-back riding. They chase each other, and when they get off to rest, Josephine brings some thought into Wyatt when she asks why he doesnt smile a lot and laugh. Wyatt starts to actually think about those little things that dont really bring up to attention, and begins to fall for Josephine, with her room service life and happiness. However, things start to rough up again with the Clantons and the ...

Internet and International Commercial Law Dissertation

Internet and International Commercial Law - Dissertation Example The Internet has become the platform for sellers to show case their goods and services which the buyers and consumers alike could access them readily at competitive prices. Internet legal hassles increase with the ever increasing usage of internet internationally. Although disputes are resolved through long existing treaties, conventions and jurisdictions, some issues relating international applications and internet regulations are yet to be addressed. The United States law is the frequently applied law to set right legal issues arising out of international internet legal difficulties concerning e-commerce of not only Americans but also people outside the American jurisdiction, Just as the United States have legislated Internet-related laws, there are Cyber-Crime Conventions, the Hague Conventions on Jurisdictions and judgments, rulings of the World Intellectual Property Organisation and the United Nations Internet Governance available for applications in the international commerce t ransactions. The Hague Choice of Court Convention aims to remove uncertainty in the issues of jurisdiction, judgement recognition in online transactions governed by International business-to-business to agreements. Obviously consumer transactions are not included. The Hague Convention’s provision for honouring of forum selection clauses will ensure incorporation jurisdiction in the international contract agreements and in turn facilitate recognition of the relevant court’s judgment as also its enforcement globally i.e amongst the signatory countries. It is noteworthy that a domestic agreement cannot designate a foreign court. Apart from International Internet law, International Internet case law has also developed over the years. For example, choice of law and recognition of judgement were an issue in La Ligue Contre Le Racisme et L'Antisemitisme v. Yahoo, in which a French court issued its judgement regarding an Internet case dealing with sale of Nazi-related items. T his became an issue in the United States when the French court’s judgement was sought to be enforced in the U.S. As most of the International Internet disputes in the United States claim jurisdiction outside the U.S., parties to the dispute application of non-American law. In Dow Jones v Gutnick, the High Court of Australia decided in favour of an Australian to bring action for defamation on a U.S. party for an Internet article published on American Server and downloaded in Australia.2 United Nations Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts This convention of 2004 aims to eliminate legal uncertainty in the use of electronic communications during the course of international commerce as the uncertainty is a potential obstacle to international commerce. Besides elimination of uncertainty, the convention aims to bring in uniform rules to be adopted so as to remove obstacles said above and to remove possible problems that may be encountered in the operation of international trade law instruments such as Letter of Credit etc. The uniform rules also recognize the parties’ freedom to select media and technologies of their choice so as to uphold the principles of technological neutrality and functional equivalence. This would ensure that electronic means chosen by the parties are in compliance with law. Thus this Convention applies where parties to a contract are from different countries.